• Simultaneous Global Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With Penetration Electric Fields During Intense and Minor Solar and Geomagnetic Disturbances 

      Zhang, Shun-Rong; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Vierinen, Juha-Pekka; Lyons, Larry R.; Knipp, Delores J.; Gustavsson, Björn Johan; Waghule, Bhagyashree V.; Erickson, Philip J.; Coster, Anthea J.; Aa, Ercha; Spicher, Andres (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-09-29)
      A new observational phenomenon, named Simultaneous Global Ionospheric Density Disturbance (SGD), is identified in GNSS total electron content (TEC) data during periods of three typical geospace disturbances: a Coronal Mass Ejection-driven severe disturbance event, a high-speed stream event, and a minor disturbance day with a maximum Kp of 4. SGDs occur frequently on dayside and dawn sectors, with ...
    • Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in the Vicinity of Storm-Enhanced Density at Midlatitudes 

      Zhang, Shunrong; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Erickson, Philip J.; Aa, Ercha; Kil, Hyosub; Deng, Yue; Thomas, Evan; Rideout, William; Coster, Anthea J.; Kerr, Robert; Vierinen, Juha (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-08-08)
      This study provides first storm time observations of the westward-propagating medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), particularly, associated with characteristic subauroral storm time features, storm-enhanced density (SED), subauroral polarization stream (SAPS), and enhanced thermospheric westward winds over the continental US. In the four recent (2017–2019) geomagnetic storm ...